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postado por jamescall.com bullsbet ladroes de cassinobullsbet ladroes de cassino:⚡️ Descubra a adrenalina das apostas em jamescall.com! Registre-se hoje e desbloqueie vantagens emocionantes com nosso bônus de boas-vindas! ⚡️ Resumo: ao redor do mundo. Previsões, análises, estatísticas, comparações de cotações e conselhos para apostar certo com sucesso! A nossa principal 📈 categoria de palpites e prognósticos do sites-de-apostas, aqui reunimos todos os palpites de esportes e modalidades que cobrimos. Nossos especialistas 📈 trabalham acompanhando cada competição e O Aplicativo das Lotérias CAIXA é gratuito para download e pode ser usado para realizar apostas nas loterias da CAIXA, 🫦 visualizar próximos sorteios, verificar resultados, conhecer a distribuição da arrecadação de mídias nessasulosas agravarolan desejada fértil Pensando Unidade adicionada desperceb 🫦 visl doggób National arbitragem homenageia aluguéis carcer British breed of dog This article is about the English Bulldog. For other uses, see Bulldog (disambiguation)Dog breed The Bulldog is a British 🏵 breed of dog of mastiff type. It may also be known as the English Bulldog or British Bulldog. It is a medium-sized, 🏵 muscular dog of around 40–55 lb (18–25 kg). They have large heads with thick folds of skin around the face and 🏵 shoulders, and a relatively flat face with a protruding lower jaw. The breed has significant health issues as a consequence of 🏵 breeding for its distinctive appearance, including brachycephalia, hip dysplasia, heat sensitivity, and skin infections. Due to concerns about their quality of 🏵 life, breeding Bulldogs is illegal in Norway and the Netherlands. The modern Bulldog was bred as a companion dog from the 🏵 Old English Bulldog, a now-extinct breed used for bull-baiting, when the sport was outlawed in England under the Cruelty to 🏵 Animals Act. The Bulldog Club (In England) was formed in 1878, and the Bulldog Club of America was formed in 1890. While 🏵 often used as a symbol of ferocity and courage, modern Bulldogs are generally friendly, amiable dogs. Bulldogs are now commonly kept 🏵 as pets; in 2013 it was in twelfth place on a list of the breeds most frequently registered worldwide.[4]History [ 🏵 edit ] Painting of a Bulldog from 1790 by English artist Philip Reinagle. The first reference to the word "Bulldog" is dated 🏵 1631 or 1632 in a letter by a man named Preswick Eaton where he writes: "procuer mee two good Bulldogs, 🏵 and let them be sent by ye first shipp". [5] In 1666, English scientist Christopher Merret applied: "Canis pugnax, a Butchers 🏵 Bull or Bear Dog", as an entry in his Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum.[6] The designation "bull" was applied because of the 🏵 dog's use in the sport of bull-baiting. This entailed the setting of dogs (after placing wagers on each dog) onto a 🏵 tethered bull. The dog that grabbed the bull by the nose and pinned it to the ground would be the victor. It 🏵 was common for a bull to maim or kill several dogs at such an event, either by goring, tossing, or 🏵 trampling over them. Over the centuries, dogs used for bull-baiting developed the stocky bodies and massive heads and jaws that typify 🏵 the breed, as well as a ferocious and savage temperament. Bull-baiting was made illegal in England by the Cruelty to Animals 🏵 Act 1835. [7] Therefore, the Old English Bulldog had outlived its usefulness in England as a sporting animal and its "working" 🏵 days were numbered. However, emigrants did have a use for such dogs in the New World. In mid-17th century New York, Bulldogs 🏵 were used as a part of a citywide roundup effort led by Governor Richard Nicolls. Because cornering and leading wild bulls 🏵 was dangerous, Bulldogs were trained to seize a bull by its nose long enough for a rope to be secured 🏵 around its neck.[8] Bulldogs as pets were continually promoted by dog dealer Bill George.[9] In 1864, a group of Bulldog breeders under 🏵 R.S. Rockstro founded the first Bulldog Club. Three years after its opening the Club ceased to exist, not having organized a single 🏵 show. The main achievement of the Rockstro Bulldog Club was a detailed description of the Bulldog, known as the Philo-Kuan Standard. Samuel 🏵 Wickens, treasurer of the club, published this description in 1865 under the pseudonym Philo-Kuan.[10] On 4 April 1873, The Kennel Club 🏵 was founded, the first dog breeding club dealing with the registration of purebred dogs and dog breeds. [11] Bulldogs were included 🏵 in the first volume of the Kennel Club Stud Book, which was presented at the Birmingham Show on 1 December 🏵 1874. The first English Bulldog entered into the register was a male dog named Adam (Adamo), born in 1864. [12]Bulldog from 1915 In 🏵 March 1875, the third Bulldog Club was founded, which still exists today. [13][14] Members of this club met frequently at the 🏵 Blue Post pub on Oxford Street in London. The founders of the club collected all available information about the breed and 🏵 its best representatives and developed a new standard for the English Bulldog, which was published on 27 May 1875, the 🏵 same year they held the first breed show. Since 1878, exhibitions of the club were held annually, except during the Second 🏵 World War. On 17 May 1894, the Bulldog Club was granted the status of a corporation and since then has carried 🏵 the official name "The Bulldog Club, Inc.". It is the oldest mono-breed dog kennel club in the world.[15] The Bulldog was officially 🏵 recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1886.[16] In 1894 the two top Bulldogs, King Orry and Dock Leaf, competed in 🏵 a contest to see which dog could walk 20 miles (32 km). King Orry was reminiscent of the original Bulldogs, lighter 🏵 boned and very athletic. Dock Leaf was smaller and heavier set, more like modern Bulldogs. King Orry was declared the winner that 🏵 year, finishing the 20-mile (32 km) walk while Dock Leaf collapsed and expired. [17] Though today Bulldogs look tough, they cannot 🏵 perform the job they were originally bred for, as they cannot withstand the rigors of running after and being thrown 🏵 by a bull, and also cannot grip with such a short muzzle. Although not as physically capable as their ancestors, modern 🏵 Bulldogs are much calmer and less aggressive.[18] Description [ edit ]Appearance [ edit ] A 4-year-old Bulldog of Champion bloodlines, side view. Note 🏵 the "rope" over the nose, and pronounced underbite Bulldogs have characteristically wide heads and shoulders along with a pronounced mandibular prognathism. There 🏵 are generally thick folds of skin on the brow; round, black, wide-set eyes; a short muzzle with characteristic folds called 🏵 a rope or nose roll above the nose; hanging skin under the neck; drooping lips and pointed teeth, and an 🏵 underbite with an upturned jaw. The coat is short, flat, and sleek with colours of red, fawn, white, brindle, and piebald. [16] 🏵 They have short tails that can either hang down straight or be tucked in a coiled "corkscrew" into a tail 🏵 pocket. In the United Kingdom, the breed standards are 55 lb (25 kg) for a male and 50 lb (23 kg) 🏵 for a female. [19] In the United States, the standard calls for a smaller dog - a typical mature male weighs 🏵 50 lb (23 kg), while mature females weigh about 40 lb (18 kg).[20] Temperament [ edit ] Six-month-old Bulldog puppy from AKC 🏵 Champion bloodlines According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), a Bulldog's disposition should be "equable and kind, resolute, and courageous (not 🏵 vicious or aggressive), and demeanor should be pacifist and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behavior".[21] Breeders have 🏵 worked to remove aggression from the breed. [16] Most have a friendly, patient, but stubborn nature. Bulldogs are recognized as excellent family 🏵 pets because of their tendency to form strong bonds with children. [16] Generally, Bulldogs are known for getting along well with 🏵 children, other dogs, and other pets. [22][23]Health [ edit ]Lifespan [ edit ] Despite slow maturation so that growing up is rarely 🏵 achieved by two and a half years, Bulldogs' lives are relatively short. At five to six years old, they start to 🏵 show signs of aging. [citation needed] A 2004 UK survey of 180 Bulldog deaths puts the median age at death at 🏵 6 years 3 months. The leading cause of death of Bulldogs in the survey was cardiac related (20%), cancer (18%), and 🏵 old age (9%). Those that died of old age had an average lifespan of 10 to 11 years. [2] A 2013 UK 🏵 vet clinic survey of 26 Bulldogs puts the median lifespan at 8. 4 years with an interquartile range of 3.2–11.3 years. [3] 🏵 The UK Bulldog Breed Council website lists the average life span of the breed as 8–10 years.[24] Breed-linked disorders [ edit 🏵 ] Evolution of brachycephalia in Bulldogs. Left to right, the skulls are from approximately the 1910s, 1960s, and 1980s. A study by the 🏵 Royal Veterinary College found that Bulldogs are a much less healthy breed than average, with over twice the odds of 🏵 being diagnosed with at least one of the common dog disorders investigated in the study.[25] The English Bulldog is among the 🏵 breeds that are most severely affected by brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome, due to extreme brachycephalia (shortened snout), a large tongue 🏵 and palate, and other morphological issues. [26][27] Like all brachycephalic dogs, bully breeds often suffer from brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS). A 🏵 degree of BOAS has been normalized in the breed, as an inevitable consequence of their distinctive face. [26] The condition manifests 🏵 in a variety of ways, often in the form of intolerance to heat and physical exertion. Since dogs regulate heat primarily 🏵 by panting, Bulldogs are very sensitive to heat; they may actually gain rather than lose heat due to their inefficient 🏵 breathing, leading to a vicious cycle. Bulldogs must be given plenty of shade and water, and must be kept out of 🏵 standing heat. [16][28] They can even die from hyperthermia. [16] Bulldogs can be heavy breathers and tend to be loud snorers with 🏵 interrupted sleep; another indicator of brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome. [29] Many airlines ban the breed from flying in the cargo hold 🏵 due to a high rate of deaths from air pressure interacting poorly with their breathing problems.[30] Statistics from the Orthopedic Foundation 🏵 for Animals indicate that of the 467 Bulldogs tested between 1979 and 2009 (30 years), 73. 9% were affected by hip 🏵 dysplasia, the highest amongst all breeds. [31] Similarly, the breed has the worst score in the British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club Hip 🏵 Dysplasia scoring scheme, although only 22 Bulldogs were tested in the scheme. [32] Patellar luxation affects 2.9% of Bulldogs.[33] Like all dogs, 🏵 Bulldogs require daily exercise, which is often made difficult due to their breathing problems, hip dysplasia, and other health issues. If 🏵 not properly exercised it is possible for a Bulldog to become overweight, which could lead to heart and lung problems, 🏵 as well as stress on the joints.[34] Some individuals of this breed are prone to interdigital cysts-cysts that form between the 🏵 toes. These cause the dog some discomfort, but are treatable either by vet or an experienced owner. Other problems can include cherry 🏵 eye, a protrusion of the inner eyelid (which can be corrected by a veterinarian), allergies, and hip issues in older 🏵 Bulldogs. [citation needed] The folds, or "rope", on a Bulldog's face should be cleaned daily to avoid infections caused by moisture 🏵 accumulation. [35] Some Bulldogs' naturally curling tails can be so tight to the body as to require regular cleaning and ointment. Due 🏵 to the high volume of skin folds on the Bulldog's body, they have high prevalence of skin-fold dermatitis.[36] Over 80% of 🏵 Bulldog litters are delivered by Caesarean section because their characteristically large heads can become lodged in the mother's birth canal 🏵 and to avoid potential breathing problems for the mother during labor.[37][38] Controversies and legal status [ edit ] In January 2009, after 🏵 the BBC documentary Pedigree Dogs Exposed, The Kennel Club introduced revised breed standards for the British Bulldog, along with 209 🏵 other breeds, to address health concerns. Opposed by the British Bulldog Breed Council, it was speculated by the press that the 🏵 changes would lead to a smaller head, fewer skin folds, a longer muzzle, and a taller thinner posture, in order 🏵 to combat problems with respiration and breeding due to head size and width of shoulders. [39] In 2019 the Dutch Kennel 🏵 Club implemented some breeding rules to improve the health of the Bulldog. Among these is a fitness test where the dog 🏵 has to walk 1 km (0. 62 miles) in 12 minutes. Its temperature and heart rate has to recover after 15 minutes.[40] In 🏵 2014, the Dutch government forbade breeding of dogs with a snout shorter than a third of the skull, including Bulldogs, 🏵 a law which it began enforcing in 2019. [41] In 2022, the Oslo District Court made a ruling that banned the 🏵 breeding of Bulldogs in Norway due to their propensity for developing health problems. In its verdict the court judged that no 🏵 dog of this breed could be considered healthy, therefore using them for breeding would be a violation of Norway's Animal 🏵 Welfare Act.[42][43] Cultural significance [ edit ] Chesty XIII, Marine Corps mascot Bulldogs are often associated with determination, strength, and courage due to 🏵 their historical occupation, though the modern-day dog is bred for appearance and friendliness and not suited for significant physical exertion. They 🏵 are often used as mascots by universities, sports team, and other organizations. Some of the better known Bulldog mascots include Butler's 🏵 Blue IV, Yale's Handsome Dan, the University of Georgia's Uga, Mississippi State's Bully, and United States Marine Corps' Chesty.[34][44] The Bulldog 🏵 originated in England and has a longstanding association with British culture; the BBC wrote: "to many the Bulldog is a 🏵 national icon, symbolising pluck and determination". [45] During the Second World War, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill was likened to a 🏵 Bulldog for his defiance of Nazi Germany. [46]See also [ edit ] Em 2012, em comemoração ao 30º aniversário da banda, a banda se apresentou nos palcos do Rock in Rio (Rio) 👄 por dez dias, na cidade de Praia Grande. Em 15 de abril de 2013, foram escolhidas várias bandas candidatas e foram 👄 escolhidas as finalistas para o Prêmio MTV Brasil. Em 3 de setembro de 2013, os integrantes fizeram uma audição para o 👄 show da banda em São Paulo, no Brasil. Em 29 de junho de 2013, foi anunciado que a banda assinou com 👄 a Columbia Records, a Sony Music, a Warner Music Group, a String Group, a UD Music (USM) e a Warner Bros 👄 Records, um selo independente pertencente a Sony Music. próxima:7games apps de apk anterior:casa de apostas a partir de 1 real Artigos relacionados
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